How to morphologically parse an adjective. Morphemic analysis of an adjective word

Every student needs to know the analysis of an adjective as a part of speech. It is known that this part of speech adds additional emotional and colorful shades to our speech, making it richer and more intense. This analysis begins to be studied in the elementary grades, but over time the scheme becomes more complex, and this allows for a more detailed analysis and analysis.

Instructions for parsing

In order to correctly perform morphological analysis, you need to know its outline and instructions on how to parse an adjective as a part of speech. For example, define a part of speech, and then indicate its morphological features and function in a sentence.

Analysis plan:

Determine and prove which part of speech this specified word belongs to.
Write down the initial form of this word given for parsing.
Indicate the constant morphological features of the given word.
Indicate inconsistent grammatical features.
Syntactic role of a given word.

Any morphological analysis always begins with determining the part of speech of the word being analyzed. If it is an adjective, then it must be indicated. It is worth remembering that this is an independent or significant part of speech, which necessarily denotes some attribute of the subject. Here you can ask a question that will prove that this word being analyzed is an adjective. Such words for analysis answer the following questions: which one? which? which?, and also whose? what? what? what are they?

After determining the part of speech, the parsed word must be put into initial form. For an adjective, the initial form is the given word, which must be written in the masculine gender and singular.

The next step in the analysis is to determine its grammatical features. Typically, analysis begins with constant features, which include ranks by value, and if qualitative, then, accordingly, the degree of comparison.

Places by value which are known to every schoolchild and which can be found in school textbooks:

High quality.
Relative.
Possessive.

Relative indicate the material from which the object is made, the place or time. For example, a straw hat is a hat made of straw, spring rain is rain that falls in the spring, a school site is the site that belongs to the school.

Possessives denote belonging to someone or something. Such words usually answer the question “whose?” For example, a fox's tail is a tail that belonged to a fox, a sister's scarf is a sister's scarf.

Quality give characteristics of the object, describe its appearance and color. For example, a thin pencil, blue ribbon. Qualitative forms two degrees of comparison:

Excellent.
Comparative.

Superlative necessarily has two forms: simple and compound. The first is formed according to the following scheme: an adjective in the initial form + -eysh or -aysh, which are suffixes. For example, excellent - most excellent. The compound form is formed from the name of the adjective in the initial form by adding the words: most, most, least, all, everything. For example, the tallest, above all.

Comparative degree It also has two forms: simple and compound. Simple form is formed by adding to this part of speech, which must be in the initial form, such suffixes as -ey, -ee, -e, -she. For example, angry is angrier. The compound form is formed by adding words such as more or less to the adjective that is in the initial form. For example, kinder, less evil. If the adjective is qualitative, then its form should be determined: short or full. The short form for quality ones is formed by truncating the ending. For example, low is low, low is low, low is low, low is low.

To determine non-constant characteristics, it is worth finding in the text or sentence the noun to which it refers. It is known that an adjective agrees with a noun in several ways, which change. Non-permanent signs are:

Number.
Case.

The syntactic function of the word being parsed is indicated at the last stage. Most often, an adjective is a modifier, but less often it can be part of a compound nominal predicate. For example, a long (definition) table stood in the middle of the room. The girl was beautiful (compound noun predicate).

Example of morphological analysis

I. Short (tail) – adjective. The word “short” denotes a feature of an object. The tail (what?) is short.

N. f. - short.

II. Morphological features of the word “short”.

Constant signs: qualitative, comparative degree, full form.

Inconstant characters: masculine (what), singular (one), nominative case (what? short tail).

III. The tail (what?) is short (definition).

Morphological analysis allows you to improve grammatical word analysis skills. Before starting this type of work, it is necessary to study the grammatical characteristics of this part of speech.

It is always worth remembering that you can only parse adjectives if they are given in a sentence, since it is impossible to correctly analyze the specified word without context.

During morphological analysis, the specified word, which is most often highlighted with the number “3,” is written out from the text without changing it. If it is used with a preposition, then they are written out together, if the preposition also refers to an adjective. If the preposition refers to a noun or other part of speech, then it should not be written out. It will not be difficult to carry out such an analysis by studying the grammatical features of the adjective.

Video

This video contains a sample of oral morphological analysis of an adjective.

Initial form (nominative singular masculine).
Constant signs: qualitative, relative or possessive.
Variable features: 1) for qualitative ones: a) degree of comparison, b) short and long form; 2) for all adjectives: a) case, b) number, c) gender (in singular).

Syntactic role.

Here it is used in the nominative case, in the singular, in the feminine gender - these are its unstable features.

what is an independent part of speech in Russian Written analysisHeavenly(azure) - adj.

Azure(which?) heavenly. N.f.- heavenly.
Post. - relative; non-post - in them pad. units h.g. r.
Azure(which?) heavenly .

301 . Parse 2-3 adjectives in writing.

Quiet evening shadows lie in the blue snow. (A. Blok.)
The frosty breath of the snowstorm is still fresh. (I. Bunin.)

302 . Read it. Determine the style of the text, indicate words that have a figurative meaning. Write down five words that change: 1) by numbers and cases, 2) by numbers, cases and genders. Make a morphological analysis of three adjectives.

morphemic analysis of the word late

January is a month of big, silent snows. They always arrive suddenly. Suddenly at night the trees will whisper and whisper: something is happening in the forest. By morning it will become clear: real winter has come!

a string of morphological analysis

The forest was buried in other tormenting snowdrifts. Under the cold vault of the sky, their heavy yellow heads submissively bowed, mournful white trees froze.

designer morpheme analysis

Along with the snow, strange, unprecedented creatures came and ran into the forest. They roamed over stumps and twigs, climbed onto fir trees and pines - strange white figures, motionless, unfamiliar, but very similar to something.

all over or all over

Either a squirrel or a bunny is sitting on a stump. He folds his white paws onto his white little belly, is silent and looks at the white forest. On a stone by the river(?)ka, white Alyonushka: leaned her head on her shoulder, propped her white cheek(?) with her white palm.

good what part of speech is that

And here is a werewolf animal. Take a step to the side, and the animal will turn into a simple twig(?) covered with snow.

noun number gate

Polar bears and white owls. Hares, partridges, squirrels. They sit, lie and hang. The forest is full of strange birds and animals. If you want to see them, hurry up. Otherwise the wind will blow - remember the name!

see word analysis

303 . Write it off. Above the adjectives, indicate their rank by meaning. Choose synonyms for quality adjectives. Make three sentences with adjectives from any group.

adverbs as part of speech

A hare's trail, a hare's character, a hare's brood; goose feather, goose feeder, goose gait; wolf pack, wolf's appetite, wolf's lair; foxhole, fox fur coat, fox cunning.

twig word analysis

304 . From the second paragraph of A.P. Platonov’s story “In a Beautiful and Furious World” (see “Literature. Grade 6”), write down all the adjectives. Sort out two qualitative and two relative adjectives.

fresh morphemic parsing

The name of an adjective is its full grammatical characteristics as a part of speech. The analysis is carried out only on those adjectives that are presented in a specific sentence, because It is impossible to correctly analyze a word out of context.

To perform morphological analysis of an adjective, you need to know:

What morphological features does it have?

Which of them are constant, unchangeable and characteristic of all adjectives in general;

Which of the features are unstable, changeable and characteristic of a given form of the word;

Invisible (life) - adj.

1. Life (what?) invisible. N. f. - invisible.

2. Constant: relative. Variable: full form, T.p., units, f.r.

3. (Which one?) Invisible.

Winter (forest) - adj.

1. Forest (what?) winter. N. f. - winter.

2. Constant: relative. Variable: full form, I. p., units h., m.r.

3. (Which one?) winter.

Sample oral debriefing

Invisible (life) - adjective.

Firstly, it names the attribute of the object: life (what?) invisible. The initial form is invisible.

Secondly, a constant morphological feature is razrad - a relative adjective. Inconstant characters: full form, instrumental case, feminine and singular.

Winter (forest) is an adjective.

Firstly, it names the attribute of the object: forest (what?) winter. The initial form is winter.

Secondly, the constant morphological feature is rank - a relative adjective. Inconstant features: full form, nominative case, masculine and singular.

Thirdly, it acts as a definition in the sentence.

The adjective is a variable part of speech and has constant and unstable morphological properties. Parsing an adjective as a part of speech presupposes a complete grammatical description of this word form. A detailed morphological analysis of the adjective, an example of which is presented on our website, will help improve your analysis skills.

General scheme for parsing an adjective

The plan for morphological analysis of the adjective is as follows:

General grammatical meaning- denotes a feature of an object;
Answers the question - which one? whose? (set taking into account the required gender, number and case);
Initial form – infinitive, im.p., singular, m.r. (Which?);
Constant morphological properties - category by meaning: qualitative, relative or possessive;
Variable features - degree of comparison (zero, comparative or superlative), full or short form (determined only for qualitative adjectives), case, number and gender (for singular forms);
Role in a sentence - adjectives adjacent to nouns are modifiers, and in short form they are predicates. It can also act as a nominal part of a compound predicate. The syntactic role must be shown graphically - using a wavy line or double underlining.

You should remember the sequence, as well as the features of the morphological characteristics of the adjective.

Important! When performing the analysis, it is necessary to take into account that for qualitative adjectives that do not have other forms, the degree of comparison and the full form will be constant features. For example: pale green. For others, these signs are considered fickle - beautiful / more beautiful / most beautiful; beautiful/beautiful.

Our website provides a sample morphological analysis of an adjective that will help students correctly perform written analysis.

The neighbors were happy to cater to his slightest whims.

The smallest - (what?) - adjective;
Head.f. - the smallest;
Post.pr. - quality;
Non-post.pr. - simple excellent degree; in D.p., plural;
In a sentence it is a definition and is underlined by a wavy line. To the slightest whims (what?).

To help schoolchildren, as well as to prepare for the Unified State Exam and the Unified State Exam, online morphological analysis of adjectives will be useful. To obtain a complete analysis of a word as a part of speech, it is enough to enter the words in a separate column.

Adjective parsing plan

I	Part of speech, general grammatical meaning and question.
II	Initial form (masculine, singular, nominative case). Morphological characteristics:
	A	Constant morphological characteristics: category by meaning (qualitative, relative, possessive).
	B	Variable morphological characteristics:
		1	only for qualitative adjectives:
			a) degree of comparison (positive, comparative, superlative); b) full or short form;
		2	number, gender (singular), case.
III	Role in sentence(which part of the sentence is the adjective in this sentence).

Examples of parsing adjectives

After swimming we lay on the sand hot from the southern sun(Nagibin).

(On) hot (sand)

Adjective; denotes an attribute of an object, answers a question (on the sand) which one?
N. f. - hot.
hot) and short form ( hot);
B) Variable morphological characteristics: used in positive degree, in full form, singular, masculine, prepositional case.

(From) southern (sun)

Adjective; denotes a sign of an object, answers a question (from the sun) which one?
N. f. - southern.
A) Constant morphological features: relative adjective;
B) Variable morphological features: used in the singular, neuter gender, genitive case.
In a sentence it serves as a definition.

Bulgaria is a good country, but Russia is the best(Isakovsky).

good

Adjective; denotes a feature of an object, answers a question (country) what?
N. f. - good.
A) Constant morphological features: qualitative adjective; there are degrees of comparison ( better) and short form ( good);
B) Variable morphological features: used in the positive degree, in the short form, in the singular, feminine.

better

Adjective; denotes a feature of an object, answers a question (Russia) what?
N. f. - good.
A) Constant morphological features: qualitative adjective; qualitative adjective; there are degrees of comparison ( better), short form ( good);
B) Variable morphological characteristics: used in a comparative degree (simple form).
In a sentence it serves as the nominal part of the predicate.

Without responding to his sister’s words, Nikifor shrugged and shrugged his shoulders(Melnikov-Pechersky).

(on) sisters (words)

Adjective; denotes a feature of an object, answers a question (in words) whose?
N. f. - sisters.
A) Constant morphological features: possessive adjective;
B) Variable morphological features: used in the plural, accusative case.
In a sentence it serves as a definition.