Wood painting is an art form that goes back to the distant past. Long before the beginning of our era, the first people, having learned to make tools from metals, thought that they could be given a beautiful and original look.

Nowadays, original designs on furniture, toys, dishes and other items are becoming original decorations, which not only children, but even adults enjoy.

How to prepare for painting

First of all, before you start drawing, you should prepare a whole series necessary tools and other necessary things for this:

• A wooden object on which you will have to paint this masterpiece.
• A container for liquid that will be needed during the drawing process.
• Soft pencils.
• Washing gum.
• Sandpaper for surface treatment.
• In the case of sketches, you will need hard sheets of paper.
• Several brushes for painting.
• If the person drawing is a beginner, then ready-made templates will be required.
• Palette.
• Paints.
• Primer mixture.
• Varnish, preferably transparent, so that the finished drawing is not exposed to external influences.

As for the choice, choosing a primer is very simple, since you have to start from the paint, but with it everything is much more complicated.

Most often, professionals recommend using the following types for work:

• Butter.
• Acrylic.
• Gouache.
• Aniline.
• Watercolor.

Each type has its own advantages, disadvantages and application.

Similarities and differences between different types of paints

Gouache or poster paints are made in a thick form and opaque mass. It is very easy to draw with them, but only simple patterns. Any gouache must have certain qualities:

• They must be easily applied to any surface.
• After application and drying, high-quality paints should not crack, much less wear off.
• For a stronger adhesion of the paint on the surface, it is recommended to dilute the gouache not with ordinary tap water, but with a mixture of PVA glue and water. In this case, the design will hold much stronger and, moreover, it will not be necessary to apply a primer first.
• When you consider your favorite watercolor paints from childhood, you can paint with them more complex patterns with a huge number of different shades.
• To ensure a quality drawing, each watercolor must be:
• Smooth when applied to any surface.
• Like gouache, it does not crack or crumble after drying.

The main advantage of this type of paint is that you can simply wash it off, dry it, apply a primer to the surface and paint it again.

Using acrylic paints for painting on wood, you can create truly stunning masterpieces. They rightfully belong to the category of the best. Their advantage lies not only in the fact that any drawing becomes incredibly beautiful, but also in the fact that with the help of acrylic the material itself on which the painting is carried out becomes more durable.

You can paint on wood with a variety of paints, including oil paints. But this type should not be used by beginners, since working with them has special requirements.

Before use, oil paint should be diluted with drying oil or another solvent to the consistency required. You can literally start painting right away.

The main characteristics of oil paints include:

• With their help you can achieve beautiful bright patterns on dark tones. Any oil paint has only bright shades.
• They practically eat into the surface, and after drying, it is simply impossible to erase them in any way.

Speaking about aniline-based paints, it should be noted that every year they can be found more and more often in home interiors. Some craftsmen not only paint various wooden objects and souvenirs with them, but also paint walls, and in villages and villages even the facades of houses.

How painting is done

Any drawings using paints are based primarily on skill. Based on this, three technologies are used:

• According to the sketch.
• Point technique.
• Using a stencil.

Sketching technique

The sketching technique is presented in the form of drawing a sketch, which is subsequently drawn on the main material.

With the help of sketches, a wide variety of patterns are created, which can be in the form of abstractions, geometric shapes and even professional sketches.

After the drawing is ready, it is coated with varnish, which will significantly increase both the durability and brightness of the colors. The varnish is selected in the same way as the primer. As soon as the coating dries, the finished pattern can be used in any way you please.

Point technique

With the help of dot technologies, even those who have never had professional drawing skills can create truly unique things. This technique consists in placing special points on the sketch, along which, when transferred to the main surface, more accurate drawing occurs.

It should be noted that it is quite difficult to use this method without the skills. But on the other hand, probably everyone remembers how in school, during a drawing lesson, they used lines to draw silhouettes indicated by numbers. The point technique has the most direct relation to these lines and, accordingly, the more points are transferred during work, the better and clearer the picture and will correspond to the desired one. After the transfer of the picture is completed, all that remains is to color it with the chosen colors.

Stencil technique

And finally the stencil method. The technique that uses a specific template is considered the most elementary.

To draw, you need to take a selected stencil, press it onto the material to be painted, then trace it with a pencil and then paint it. The stencil itself can be ordered from a professional artist, or you can make it based on a potentially objective picture with your own hands.

Finally, it should be noted that with desire and perseverance, painting any objects, and especially wooden ones, is not very difficult. If you learn to use any of the presented techniques and choose high-quality paints for this task, you can create incredible masterpieces.

If you apply your drawings to household items, then the interior of even the most simple room can turn into unique and inimitable.

Video: Painting on wood with paints

In modern art, painting on wood with acrylic paints, gouache, oil and aniline dyes is widely used. In history, wood painting is an ancient folk craft. Wood has dominated everyday life for many centuries due to its availability and ease of processing. Before people learned to process metal, all furniture and kitchen utensils, chests, boxes, spinning wheels, not to mention doors, gates, and wooden shutters were made from wood. Along with carpentry and wood carving, special technologies for wood processing and ornamental painting of products developed.

Types of artistic painting

In the middle of the 20th century, types of painting on wood moved from a craft form of art to an artistic one and are also studied in schools of fine arts. Different types of techniques are characterized by their unique and recognizable patterns, which have historically developed in step with the times and the evolution of paints and materials.

Nowadays, it is enough to use special wood paints and purchase wooden products, varnishes and strengthening agents for crafts. Many modern masters not only bring novelty to their work, but also continue the tradition of painting wooden products.

The first lessons for beginning artists consist of learning the principles of drawing of each type. Gorodets wood painting is characterized by floral patterns in bright colors, mainly on a yellow background, but nowadays less attention is paid to the background in this type of painting, since the design looks good on a clean wooden texture.

Elements of the drawing are made in several simple steps, shading with primary colors, shading with darker thin strokes and lightening with white or yellow paint.

Idealized images of birds, animals, in particular black horses, and trees are also used. In ancient times, Gorodets painting also depicted the peasant and merchant life of those times. The pictures below show an example.

Khokhloma painting, which exists in mass production to this day, has become the hallmark of Russia. This is not just painting, but a whole technology for the production of wooden products, the processing of which uses drying oil, clay, aluminum powder and varnish. As a result of multi-stage actions, the products first acquire a silver color, are painted mainly with black and red paints, and sometimes leaves are painted green. At the end of the work, they are varnished, and the silver color becomes gilded. This painting technology came from icon painters.

Elements of Khokhloma painting are mainly dense vegetation, big flowers, curls, leaves, rowan berries, strawberries, there are decorative birds, roosters and swans, but the main symbol of Khokhloma is the firebird.

Also, this type of painting is divided into two types of techniques - top and background. Horse painting involves applying a pattern to the background, and background painting involves applying contours and applying a black or red background.

The Mezen painting depicts black and red ornaments, more reminiscent of cave rock paintings.

Gzhel painting also cannot be confused with other art, with its blue lush flowers on a white background.

In the modern art of wood painting, master artists use various techniques to create decorative styles and souvenir sets of dishes. Personally painted plates, candy bowls, salad bowls, and cutting boards are presented as gifts.

Preparing the tree

Painting on wood with acrylic paints is a simple task for experienced artists, since the material is expensive, although suitable for working with wood.

To start painting on a wooden surface, you need to take the finished product, which is sold as blanks for decoration, clean it with the finest sandpaper and prime the surface with the appropriate paint, after which you can start painting.

From time immemorial, humanity has been painting various surfaces with paints - stones, wood, leather and other materials on which dyes were applied. At the same time, a wide variety of materials were used as paint - clay of various colors, tree resin, soot. One of the most popular materials for painting is wood - many household items were originally made of wood, furniture, and the houses themselves were also made of wood, and the desire for beauty has always been inherent in humanity, so they decorated the surrounding objects with everything that was at hand. Painting on wood using high-quality acrylic paints is becoming especially popular, as it allows you to plunge into the world of distant ancestors and take your mind off the stress and frantic rhythm of the modern world.

At the same time, it is not necessary to be a professional master in this or that type of painting - there are a large number of them in stores. necessary materials and tools that will help you master any technique in a fairly short time. If this is not enough, then various educational institutions We will be happy to invite you to attend courses for beginners at a time convenient for you.

We study painting on wood with acrylic paints with a description of the work

Painting on wood is most suitable for beginning artists to work with acrylic paints - they are bright, easy to apply and waterproof, while they are practically odorless and easy to work with.

There are various types paintings that originated at different times and in different places our country, but they all originate in ancient times, when people lived in harmony with nature and the surrounding world.

One of these types of painting is Khokhloma painting, in which the main elements are grass, flowers, berries, that is, the pictures reflect the whole flora, surrounding a person. This type of painting got its name from the name of the village of Khokhloma, near which it originated.

Another popular folk painting technique originated in a small town on the Volga called Gorodets and was called Gorodets painting. Distinctive feature This type of painting is that animals are always depicted in profile, and people in full face. The main theme of this type of painting is daily life ordinary people - walks along city streets, fair festivities, weddings, and at the same time, the paintings are always saturated with bright colors that frame them in the form of garlands, wreaths or simply bouquets scattered throughout the picture.

In addition to these two types of wood painting, there is another decorative technique that is no less popular - Mezen painting. Its distinctive features are the use of only two colors in the designs - red and black, as well as a rather symbolic image of various elements (the main motifs are solar disks, rhombuses and crosses, which have certain meanings)

Let's take a closer look at painting on wood using the example of a master class on decorating a wooden board. We will use acrylic paints, as they are the most convenient for working at the stage of getting acquainted with this type folk art. In this case, the board is also the most convenient object from which you can begin to master the painting technique.

Master class on painting a wooden board with your own hands

Acrylic paints are very easy to use, adhere well to a wooden surface and, after drying, form a waterproof film, so the painted product does not need to be varnished.

Materials and tools needed:

• Wooden cutting board;
• Acrylic paint;
• Brushes;
• Carbon paper (to transfer the drawing onto the board).

First you need to prepare the surface you are going to paint. To do this, cover the board with an even layer of white paint - this is necessary in order to level the surface and saturate the pores of the wood, so that further layers of paint will lay down more evenly.

While the board is drying, you can draw a sketch of the future design on paper. Of course, if your artistic skills allow you to draw directly on the board, then you can do without preliminary drawings.

Let's start coloring. To make a bright board, we will use paints of different colors and shades.

Using a thin brush and black paint we decorate the centers of the flowers, and using white paint we paint the berries, flower petals and leaves with thin lines.

A bright and colorful food cutting board is ready. After drying, it can be varnished to better fix the colors, but if the product will only serve a decorative function, you can do without varnishing.

Wood painting is a great way to create unique products with acrylic paints with your own hands, which can be used in everyday life, used as interior decoration, or gifted to a loved one. The technology of this type of creativity is so simple that even a child can master it with a little help from adults.

Video on the topic of the article

In conclusion, we invite you to watch several videos about painting various products with acrylic paints in order to give uniqueness and originality to things, as well as the interior of your home.

Wood painting occupies an important place in the cultural heritage of Ancient Rus'. Vases, tablets, boxes, chests, wooden dishes, wall panels, trays, spinning wheels were painted with bright colors and passed on from generation to generation.

Painted household and interior items decorate homes, apartments and modern lovers of this ancient art. Today, the decor of furniture, dishes, musical instruments and various souvenirs is widely used.

Before deciding which style is suitable for a beginner, you need to familiarize yourself with the classics. There are many techniques and types of wood painting. Both adults and children have been practicing this art since ancient times. They depicted flowers and scenes from epics on wooden dishes, interior items, and panels. Ornaments, designs, patterns - in each county they had their own characteristics and meaning. Often the name of the painting was taken from the name of the city where the technique originated.

The main place in this art form is occupied by classical wood painting.

These include:

• Mezenskaya;
• Khokhloma;
• Severodvinskaya;
• Gorodets.

Mezen decor

Mezen painting is one of the oldest types of decoration. It originated even before the baptism of ancient Rus'. This is reflected in the ornament, which contains pagan symbols.

A characteristic feature of this type is the use of geometric shapes in the drawings - rhombuses, crosses, disks, as well as schematic images of horses and deer. Each element has its own meaning. The color scheme is black and red.

The wood is not primed before work, it is painted with red paint, then a black edging is made.

Originated in the 17th century in the vicinity of Nizhny Novgorod. It is distinguished by the brightness and saturation of the color palette. To depict flowers, berries, branches, and less often animals and birds, three primary colors are used: black, red and yellow (gold), one of which is background.

Khokhloma uses the ancient icon painting technique of gilding. To save money, the background is painted with silver or tin, then the main image is applied and covered with boiled linseed oil(with drying oil) several times (each layer is dried separately in the oven). From high temperature a golden film is formed and the silver background shimmers with gold. Wooden products are painted by hand without preliminary contouring.

This wood painting is called international. Long ago on the banks of the river Northern Dvina Poles, Old Believers, migrant peasants stayed - everyone who wanted to retire and find a quiet place. They contributed to the development of the art of painting in the North.

U You can know the technique by the following signs:

• performing work in yellow, red and black colors;
• use of mythical creatures (mermaids, birds) in images;
• the presence of images of a bear and a lion;
• division of the world into three parts - earthly, heavenly, underground.

For a wedding, the newlyweds were given a product depicting the tree of life and a pair of doves.

Gorodets patterns

Gorodets painting, like Khokhloma, appeared in Nizhny Novgorod, only much later - in the 19th century. Plots from fairy tales and epics, city scenes, flower arrangements are the main images of this technique. Artists applied the drawing without a preliminary sketch, by hand. The products were painted with tempera paints on a bright background.

First of all, the background is applied, then the sketch is painted with large spots of color, the drawing is painted with a thin brush, and the painting is completed with thin strokes and dots white for detail and contrast. In addition to classical painting techniques, there are many others, no less striking: Vladimir, Petrichov, Gzhel, Volkhov, etc.

Preparing for work

Having studied the basic types and techniques of painting, Before working on the product, you need to prepare everything you need for creativity:

It is important for a novice master to properly prepare the surface for work. You need to clean and sand the workpiece with sandpaper. You can use background paint as a primer. After applying and drying the design, it is important to fix the result with a transparent varnish, then the work will delight you with its rich and bright color longer.

The choice of brushes is also important. For painting, natural brushes are often used - squirrel, sable and kolinsky. Synthetic ones are also suitable for acrylic painting. The sizes of the brushes are indicated by numbers. The work uses brushes of different sizes, depending on the size of the design elements that are being painted.

Types of paints

To create a beautiful and high-quality product with rich colors, you need to choose the right paints. Since wood is a material that has different properties (dries out, cracks over time), it is important to choose a paint that is durable and of high quality.

Today, the choice of coloring agents is very wide, depending on the skill and the creative product itself, you can choose the best option.

To prevent painted household items and furniture, dishes, toys, souvenirs, boxes and boards from changing their color under the influence of the sun and water, master artists have used tempera paint since time immemorial. Tempera has enough advantages.

1. Easily soluble in water.
2. Once dry, it cannot be washed away.
3. It has a uniform texture and covers the pattern with an opaque layer.
4. It does not crack, unlike analogues.
5. Stored in a sealed container, does not thicken or become moldy.

The paint is made by hand, a rather labor-intensive process. The base consists of egg yolk, which is ground with dye.

Today there are several options for tempera:

It is important to know that the ingredients in tempera paint do not react with metals.

To obtain a durable and rich color of the image, acrylic and oil paint are used. They are easy to use, quite thick in consistency, and can be mixed to achieve a greater effect. Acrylic dries faster oil paint and has a more saturated color palette - these are their main differences. The main advantage of acrylic is the creation of a protective film on a wooden surface, so there is no need for additional opening with varnish (with the exception of dishes that will be used in the future).

Painting on wood with acrylic paints for beginners includes: sanding the workpiece; surface leveling; translation of the drawing; the painting itself; drying the finished product.

The peculiarity of painting with watercolors on wood is its quick application. Since wood can deteriorate from excess moisture, it is necessary to paint the wooden blank quickly. Using watercolors you can create airy images, shade, and make smooth transitions. For greater effect, it can be mixed with other types of paints.

This paint most accurately conveys natural colors and shades and is ideal for painting portraits. For beginners, you can choose a wooden matryoshka blank for training. First you need to transfer the drawing to the product. To make the paint adhere better, brush over the desired area once with a wet brush. First, large elements of the design are painted, after which they are given color. After painting, the product is dried and varnished.

Artistic gouache

An alternative to acrylic, oil and watercolor paint for beginning masters, gouache will be used. However, it is inferior to acrylic paint in brightness and color saturation. The process of painting with gouache is labor-intensive, but fascinating. To create a wooden product you need:

• sand and polish the board with sandpaper;
• cover the workpiece with stain to protect the wood structure;
• prime with acrylic paint, choosing the desired color;
• transfer the drawing to the board or draw a sketch of the future ornament by hand;
• paint the product, first add PVA glue to the gouache so that the paint adheres better;
• varnish after finishing work.

Beginning craftsmen and amateurs use different ways and image translation methods. The ability to draw on wood yourself comes with time and more experience. To translate a complex ornament or pattern, tracing paper is used. It is applied to a pre-selected design, its contours are traced, turned over and rubbed with graphite. Then the tracing paper must be applied to a wooden surface and traced around the image with something sharp.

If the background is dark, you can use soap instead of graphite. The easiest way to translate is a carbon copy. A carbon copy is placed between the sheet of paper with the design and the blank. The image is outlined with a pen and imprinted on a wooden surface, after which it is painted.

Wood painting master class for beginners

One of the simplest objects for creativity is a cutting board.. This is where a budding artist can begin his journey.

To prepare the board for work and hide imperfections, you need to prime it. To do this, use potato starch or drying oil. Choose a simple pattern (flowers, leaves) to practice your skills. Transfer the image onto the surface using carbon paper. For the first work, choose gouache or acrylic. When painting boards, start with large details, then add color and move on to smaller elements. The last stage of work is coating with transparent varnish several times. Each subsequent layer is applied after the previous one has completely dried. After mastering the technique, you can move on to more complex objects to paint.

The history of which dates back to the 2nd century BC. e., when people learned to make iron, and from it various knives, scrapers, saws and other cutting tools.

However, it was not enough to simply carve a product out of wood; a person wanted the result of his work to look beautiful. This is how ancient wood paintings appeared, primitive and far from artistic, but the birth of art took place. In those distant times, paints already existed; all that remained was to apply them properly.

Artistic painting on wood

The folk crafts that exist today for making household items are based on a variety of techniques. Wooden products are presented in several categories: first of all, dishes and kitchen utensils. The second list includes items that represent fine art. These are painted panels, interior decorations, and various household items. And finally, the third category is vintage-style wooden furniture, painted in a special antique way. Artistic painting on wood as such is used in all three cases. The value of the products is undoubted, since professionals work on them.

Varieties

Wood paintings come in several types and differ in their belonging to a particular region, as well as in style. The drawing can be plot or ornamental.

Types of painting on wood:

• Mezenskaya;
• Polkhovskaya;
• Khokhloma;
• Gorodets;
• Palekh;
• Severodvinskaya;
• Petrikovskaya

The main types of wood painting are listed. Each variety contains “branded” features that give the product additional attractiveness.

Mezen painting

Mezen painting (or as it is also called - palaschelskaya) is the painting of household items: ladles, boxes, spinning wheels, benches and kitchen tables. These artistic traditions appeared in the lower reaches of the Mezen River around 1815.

Mezen painting consists mainly of ornamented images of forest inhabitants: deer and elk, wolverines, foxes and bear cubs. All images are impersonal and bear the stamp of staticity. Friezes composed of repeatedly repeating figures painted in bright colors give the impression of festivity and defiant luxury, since the colorful stripes of ornaments do not fit in with the squalid furnishings of a Russian home. A primitive spinning wheel, painted in the Mezen style and sparkling with colors in a dark corner, only emphasized the desolation of the upper room.

Palekh

Palekh painting is a folk art craft that appeared in pre-Petrine times. At that time, the village of Palekh in the Ivanovo province was famous for its icon painters. This art reached its greatest flowering at the end of the 18th century. The Paleshans, in addition to painting icons, were involved in the restoration of cathedrals and churches, and took part in the design of the chapels of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra and the Novodevichy Convent.

Until the beginning of the 20th century, the trade of Palekh painting flourished; the revolutionary storms of 1905 and 1917 almost destroyed the fine folk art. Since after the 17th year all the churches were abolished by ignorant representatives of the communist authorities, there was nothing to paint, and Poleshan artists created an artel producing artistic products made of wood.

Soon the first work in the palekh style was created in a Moscow workshop. On a wooden box covered with black varnish, Ivan Tsarevich, who emerged from the royal chambers into freedom, meets the Firebird. The whole picture was painted in gold and cinnabar - it was impossible to take your eyes off the drawing.

Currently, Palekh wood painting is a deeply traditional art, with the only difference being that natural wood has been replaced with papier-mâché. Now products with Palekh painting are not only beautiful, but also light.

Khokhloma

Old folk craft, developed in the villages of the Nizhny Novgorod province in the 17th century. The center became the village of Khokhloma, where Old Believers, persecuted for their faith, gathered. Among the settlers there were many icon painters who brought with them exquisite painting skills, calligraphic writing and many examples of floral designs.

Local residents living in Khokhloma and nearby villages knew wood turning techniques, but did not know how to draw. So it turned out that the wooden dishes, turned on site, were painted by visiting artists. This is how the art of Khokhloma painting appeared, which turned into one of the most famous artistic crafts in Russia.

Wood carvers not only turned dishes and plates, they soon learned to carve spoons and ladles, the classic “brothers”. Usually the ladle was made in the shape of a swan, and a dozen scoops were hung on the sides. The material was linden wood, which by its nature has no fibers and is easily cut in all directions.

Khokhloma painting consists of four primary colors: black, gold, red and green. Black and gold are used as the background, and red and green, together with their shades, make up the actual design. The theme for drawings in the Khokhloma style is most often rowan berries, strawberries, various flowers and herbal plants. Sometimes the artist uses images of birds, fish and small animals.

Carving and drawing

Russian folk crafts (such as gorodets or khokhloma) are wood products covered with a pattern. First, cabinetmakers make blanks from selected wood, the so-called “linen,” and then artists cover them with a design. Wood carving and painting are inseparable in this case - they complement each other. The most common type of painted blank is the Russian nesting doll. For its production, the turning method of carving is used, when the product is turned, polished and then painted. This souvenir is known all over the world and has been in high demand for many years.

Is it possible to learn wood painting?

Folk arts and crafts belong to the fine arts and require certain preparation, but anyone who has patience and perseverance can master the basic principles of coloring products. There are special techniques called “Wood Painting for Beginners,” which include familiarization with the process and practical work. Initially, the classes are general in nature, and after acquiring skills, you can move on to a specific artistic style, for example, Gorodets. In any case, painting on wood is a fascinating creative process for beginners.

Coloring methods

Natural wood is a material that requires careful pre-treatment. The surface for painting must be smooth, without peeling or cracks. The workpiece is first sanded with emery cloth and then coated with a special primer, which fills all microscopic cracks and evens out small irregularities. Larger defects can be eliminated using putty. After pre-treatment, the workpiece must be thoroughly dried.

Wooden folk art products are distinguished by bright, intense colors. The designs usually contrast with the background, black or bright red. For painting products, tempera or artistic gouache paints are used, which have good hiding power. Gives the most lasting results acrylic painting on wood, especially if the design is covered with transparent nitro varnish on top. Products after this treatment become resistant to abrasion and do not change their color.

Wood painting (photos of finished products are presented on the page) is a type fine arts, which has its roots in the distant past, but lives and thrives in the present.