Thicknesser single-sided machine sr 6 5g. Used and new woodworking machines

The machine is designed for longitudinal one-sided milling to size according to the thickness of the surfaces of flat wood blanks. Thicknessing machine, woodworking machine for flat milling (planing) of boards, beams or panels to size in thickness. Cutting tool Thicknesser machine - knife shaft. Single-sided thicknessing machines have one knife shaft, which is used for thicknessing (calibration) of workpieces; the shaft is located above the work table, along which the workpiece is moved by feed rollers. The thickness of the resulting part is determined by the position of the lifting work table. The Thicknesser machine usually processes parts that have been previously planed on jointing machines. The Thicknesser machine can mill workpieces with a width of 315-1250 mm and a thickness of 5-160 mm; the diameter of the knife shafts is 100-165 mm (2 or 4 knives are mounted on the shaft), the rotation speed of the shafts is about 5 thousand rpm. The feed speed of workpieces into the Thicknesser machine is 5-30 m/min, the power of the electric motor is up to 44 kW.

Specifications:

Maximum width of the processed workpiece
Thickness of the workpiece, mm
Minimum length of workpiece processed, mm
Maximum wood removal with a knife shaft in one pass, mm
Weight, kg
Cutting circle diameter, mm
Feed speed (stepped), m/min.
Speed of mechanical movement of the table, m/min.
Diameter of the exhaust funnel connecting pipe, mm
Knife shaft drive power, kW
Total power of all electric motors, kW
Overall dimensions, mm	1120x1315x1340
Weight, kg

Thicknessing machines are based on the milling process - thicknessing, in which the surface of the workpiece opposite to the base surface is processed. Thicknessing machines are designed for processing by cylindrical milling of block and panel blanks to size in thickness. For workpieces, the main technological base must first be created by jointing. When thicknessing, the workpiece with its technological base rests on the installation base of the machine table. The knife shaft is placed above the table. As the workpiece is moved across the table, the rotating cutter shaft mills the top surface, forming a flat surface parallel to the base. Thicknessing machines of the following models are produced in the country:

Technological diagram of a thickness planer

Thicknessing machines operate according to standard technological scheme, which is shown in the figure. On the frame 1 of the machine there is a table 3 with feed rollers 2, as well as a claw curtain 11, spring-loaded feed rollers, corrugated 10 and smooth 4, and a knife shaft 7. The roller 10 is made sectional, consisting of several spring-loaded rings on a common shaft. Table 3, when adjusted to a given thickness of the workpiece, can be raised or lowered using screws. The screw drive can be manual or mechanical.

In front and behind the knife shaft 7 there are clamping elements. The front clamping element 8 is made in the form of a heavy cast-iron cap, hinged on the axis 6 and supported by adjusting screws 9 on the stops. The cap jaw of the thicknessing machine rests on the surface of the workpiece being processed and is made sectional in the form of a row of spring-loaded teeth. The width of the teeth is 20 - 50 mm. The pressure of each tooth on the wood is 20 - 50 N. The front clamping element of the thickness planer performs following functions:

prevents the formation of long advanced cracks in the workpiece during milling;

Serves as a protective guard for the knife shaft.

eliminates the tossing of the workpiece during processing;

directs the chips in the direction of its removal;

Thicknesser machines also include a rear clamping element 5 in their device, which provides pressure on the workpiece to the table and prevents chips from falling onto the smooth roller 4. The roller is additionally closed on top with a shield. If chips fall on the thicknesser roller and are crushed by it, the treated surface will be damaged. When working in a thicknessing machine, several workpieces can be fed simultaneously, the thickness of which can vary between 1 - 5 mm. The sectional design of the front upper roller 10 and the cap jaw 8 makes it possible to process such workpieces. The knife shaft of the machine can rotate at a frequency of 3500 - 4500 min-1. Feed speed on machines is 5 - 30 m/min.

The single-sided thickness planer SRB-9 is shown in the figure. The knife shaft and table are located on a solid box-shaped frame. Claw protection prevents the workpiece from being thrown out of the machine during operation. The feed mechanism contains a front drive roller mounted in front of the knife shaft. The supply of the finished part as it exits the machine is ensured by the rear roller and the roller mounted in the table.

The rollers are driven by an electric motor through a mechanical variator and gearbox. A clamp (chip breaker) is installed in front of the knife shaft, and a rear clamp is installed behind the knife shaft. The support roller is designed to reduce the friction forces of the workpiece on the table. The roller can be adjusted in height relative to the working surface of the table using a handle and fixed in a given position with a stopper.

The front roller of the thickness planer is made corrugated. The riffles provide good grip and reliable feeding of workpieces into the machine. In addition, the roller is made sectional, consisting of a set of rings loosely mounted on a common shaft. In the gap between the rings and the shaft, elastic elements are placed in the form of rubber shock absorber bushings or steel springs. They allow the rings to move independently of one another and relative to the shaft in a vertical plane. Thanks to this, it is possible to process several block blanks with different allowances at the same time. The rear roller is made solid and smooth.

The front clamp consists of a set of separate elements - sections. The sections are mounted on an axis around which they can rotate. Each section is supported by a spring. The spring tension is adjusted with a screw. The clamping unit is mounted on the earrings and can be rotated relative to the axis of the knife shaft. This ensures that the distance from the working edge of the clamp to the knife shaft remains constant when processing workpieces with large allowances. Initially, the position of the clamp relative to the table is set with a screw.

The rear clamp is made in the form of a solid cast-iron beam, the ends of which are mounted on rotary levers. The lower position of the clamp is adjusted with set screws.

On the SRZ-6 single-sided thicknessing machine, the front upper roller and the front clamp are made of one piece. In addition, the table height is adjusted manually.

Safety precautions when working on machines. For safe work on thicknessing machines, the cutter head is covered from above and in front with a solid metal casing, which serves as a chip and dust receptacle. Anti-blowout curtains made of slats or gear sectors are installed in front of the feed rollers.

Swinging anti-blowout bars slide loosely onto the axle at the edge of the machine table. When feeding a workpiece, they tilt forward in the direction of feeding. After the rear end of the workpiece leaves the limits of the slats inclined to a horizontal position, they, under the influence of their own weight, return to their original (vertical) position and form a series of stops along the entire width of the machine table.

On thicknessing machines, it is necessary to provide for blocking the starting device with a casing enclosing the knife shaft and feed rollers, and with a braking device.

The machines can simultaneously process several parts of different thicknesses using sectional feed rollers and front and back stops to feed them. Grooved rollers should not have cracks, knocked out ribs, nicks, worn surfaces, contaminated with resin and reef shavings, as this can lead to the rollers slipping during operation and throwing out bars or boards. In addition, retaining claws, sectors, and strips are used. During operation, anti-throwout stops, claws and sectors become contaminated with dust and do not provide their functions, which can also lead to an accident. Therefore, safety devices must be regularly cleaned of contamination.

The minimum length of the workpiece must be at least 100 mm greater than the distance between the axes of the front and rear feed rollers.

On machines with automatic feeding of workpieces, limiters for the maximum thickness of workpieces are installed in front of the feed mechanisms.

Thicknesser machines are equipped with locking devices that do not allow the table to be moved in height when the knife shaft is rotating.

The bearing housings of the knife shaft on the workbench side of the jointer should not protrude above the surface of the tables, and should not have protruding parts (bolts, etc.). The non-working part of the cutting tool of machine tools must be covered with a retractable guard in accordance with the width of the workpieces being processed.

The edges of the tables at the knife shaft must be equipped with sharply beveled steel pads flush with the working surface of the tables.

Machines with fixed knife shafts are equipped with control devices for aligning the knives when they are installed in the knife shaft or milling head.

On machines equipped with sharpening devices, a locking device must be provided to prevent the grinding wheel drive from being turned on and the sharpening device carriage to move when the knife shaft is rotating.

The distance between the edge of the rear table cover and the path described by the knife blades should be no more than 3 mm.

Basic concepts of the cutting process

Cutting according to GOST 1774345 is the mechanical processing of wood in which the connection between wood particles in a given direction is broken with or without the formation of chips. Cutting is carried out in order to obtain a product of the required shape and size by influencing the wood with a solid body - a cutter.

With all the variety of cutting tools, fundamental parts can be distinguished: the cutting part, with the help of which the tool cuts wood; the connecting part with which the tool is connected to the machine: a body that connects the cutting and connecting parts.

The planes are usually milled with face and cylindrical cutters. The diameter of the end mill D (mm) is selected depending on the width B (mm) of milling, taking into account the ratio D=(1.3...1.8)B. When milling with end mills, preference should be given to an asymmetrical cutting pattern. Offset size (mm) k = (0.03...0.06)D

Milling of planes is carried out in the following sequence: bring the workpiece under the rotating cutter until it touches lightly, then move it away from under the cutter, turn off the machine spindle, set the vertical feed dial (when milling a flat surface) or transverse feed (when milling a flat end surface) to the milling depth , turn on the machine spindle and manually move the table with the workpiece until it touches the cutter, after which the longitudinal feed of the table is turned on.

When processing with cylindrical cutters, the length of the cutter should overlap the required processing width by 10...15 mm. The cutter diameter is selected depending on the milling width and cutting depth t (mm).

During rough milling, dimensional accuracy corresponding to the 11th and 12th grades is usually achieved, with finishing milling - 8th and 9th grades. In some cases, with fine milling, it is possible to obtain dimensional accuracy corresponding to the 6th and 7th qualifications. The roughness of the machined surface ranges from Rz 80 µm to Ra 0.63 µm. The lowest roughness parameters (Ra 1.25...0.63 µm) are obtained by fine milling. Another method of achieving low roughness parameters for flat surfaces on workpieces is the use of compound cutters, in the bodies of which roughing and finishing cutters are fixed. The finishing cutters are installed below the roughing ones by an amount equal to the finishing milling depth. One or more finishing cutters can be installed in the cutter body. With a feed Sz = 1.5... 2.5 mm/tooth and a cutting speed v = 240... 250 m/min, a surface roughness Rz of 5...2.5 µm is achieved.

When processing surfaces with end mills, due to the design of the tool mounting, the cutting process is quieter than when milling with a cylindrical cutter.

End mills can be used to mill vertical and small horizontal planes. The use of sets of cutters when milling planes allows you to increase the productivity of the processing process and process shaped surfaces. The set is a group of cutters mounted and secured on one mandrel.

The flat surface of a part located at a certain angle to the horizontal is called inclined, and a small inclined plane is called a bevel.

Cylindrical, face and end mills with the workpiece rotated to the required angle using a universal rotary plate

face and end mills with the cutter turning to the required angle; special devices for processing with cylindrical and end mills; corner cutters.

When milling with rotation at the required angle, the workpiece is secured in a universal vice or on a universal plate and rotated at an angle so that the plane to be processed is parallel to the table surface.

Milling inclined planes and bevels with face and end mills can be done by turning the tool spindle, rather than the workpiece, to the required angle. This can be done vertically milling machines, in which the milling head with spindle rotates in a vertical plane.

It is advisable to mill workpieces with inclined planes and bevels in serial and mass production conditions using special devices that allow the workpieces to be installed and secured without alignment.

Angle cutters process small inclined planes and bevels. In this case, there is no need to rotate the part and the cutter.

A flatness error when machining with an end mill occurs if the axis of rotation of the cutter is not perpendicular to the surface being machined or, otherwise, to the plane of the machine table. The plane turns out to be concave and the larger the angle β and the smaller the diameter D of the end mill.

When milling a plane with a cylindrical cutter (set of cutters), a flatness error can be caused by the so-called undercutting, which is expressed by the appearance of hole 1 on the machined surface (Fig. 5.21) and is the result of a temporary cessation of the feed movement, as a result of which the cutter works for some time, rotating in one place . The elastic forces acting between the cutter and the workpiece tend to bring them closer together, which leads to the involuntary appearance of a hole (“workout”), and the greater, the lower the rigidity of the LED system, the greater the cutting force and the longer the cutter is in one place.

3. Wood cutting tools, preparing them for work

Balancing knives

Balancing planer knives begins with checking the location of the center of gravity of each knife relative to its geometric midpoint along its length. To do this, the knife is placed on the yoke of the scales so that one end of it rests against the stop of the yoke.

By moving the counterweight, the rocker arm is brought to a horizontal position. Turning the knife with the other end towards the stop, observe the position of the scale pointer. Having identified the heavier end of the knife, its end face is chamfered in several steps, ensuring that the center of gravity of the knife moves to its geometric midpoint along its length.

After balancing the knives, it is necessary to bring all paired knives to the same weight. To do this, it is advisable to pre-select paired knives with the smallest difference in weight. It is difficult to bring all the knives of a set to the same weight, and therefore is not recommended, except in cases where an odd number of knives is installed in the knife shaft or assembly cutter.

After weighing two paired knives on technical scales, the metal is removed in small parts from the heavier one. In order not to disturb the previously achieved balance of the knife relative to the geometric middle, the metal is removed along the entire length of the longitudinal edge in the form of a chamfer along the edge between the longitudinal and outer edges of the knife. After adjusting the weight of the knife, you need to make sure that the balance of the knife relative to its middle is not disturbed.

Once the paired knives are balanced, the centers of gravity of all paired knives result in the same distance from the cutting edge. To do this, one of the paired knives is placed on the beam of the balancing scales, with the cutting edge facing the stop. The scales are brought to a horizontal position by a counterweight. Having removed the first knife from the scales, a paired knife is placed in its place in the same position. The weight of the balance beam with the second knife will indicate that the center of gravity of this knife is located closer to the cutting edge than that of the first. By removing part of the metal along the entire length of the edge between the longitudinal and outer edges of the first knife (which turned out to be lighter) and along the entire length of the edges between the rear, end and outer edges of the second knife (which turned out to be heavier), we achieve complete balance of the paired knives in length and width with the same weight

During the operation of knives, as they wear out during sharpening, the achieved balance may be disrupted, so it is recommended to periodically check the balance of paired knives.

Due to the significant labor intensity, operations for complete balancing of planing knives are sometimes limited to only bringing paired knives to the same weight and bringing the center of gravity of the knives to their geometric midpoint along their length.

In order to reduce the time spent on balancing knives, combined balancing scales are used, on which the operations of bringing the center of gravity of a knife to its mid-length and bringing paired knives to the same weight are combined.

The permissible degree of unbalance of knives checked on balancing scales should not exceed 20 g/cm.

In addition to knives with a straight cutting edge, used for flat planing of wood, knives with a curved cutting edge are used for profile processing of wood on planing and milling machines. They have the same elements as straight edge knives. To make such knives, standard thick knives are usually used.

The requirements for sharpening and balancing knives with a curved cutting edge remain the same as for knives with a straight cutting edge.

Balancing knives

Balancing the knives is necessary for quiet, vibration-free operation of the machines on which they are installed.

By technical requirements knives manufactured in accordance with GOST 6567-61 must be adjusted in pairs (complete) by weight (balanced). The difference in weight of paired knives should not exceed 0.5% of the weight of one knife.

Under operating conditions, the following requirements apply to planing knives installed in assembled cutting tools:

1. paired knives must be the same weight.

2. The centers of gravity of paired knives must be located

at the geometric midpoint of each knife along its length.

3. at the same distance from the cutting edge.

The weight of paired knives is checked on technical scales. Weighing accuracy is set to 0.5 g. The difference in weight (imbalance) of paired knives should not be greater than the following.

When a knife weighs more than 300 g, the permissible difference in the weight of paired knives should not exceed 0.1% of the weight of the knife.

To balance (balance) planing knives, special balancing scales are used. The rocker has a platform with a stop 3, on which the balanced knife is installed.

There is an arrow at the front of the rocker that serves to fix its position. To balance the knives, a roller with a counterweight is attached to the opposite end, and in front of the rocker there is a nut that regulates the weight.

Preparing knives

Before installation in knife shafts and knife heads (prefabricated cutters), the knives are sharpened, followed by straightening the blade with a whetstone, balanced in pairs or as a whole set, and in necessary cases (with a significant length of knives) balanced.

Planing knives made of tool alloy steels are sharpened outside the knife shaft or the body of the assembled cutter on knife sharpening machines using coolant, which improves the quality of sharpening and ensures higher productivity of sharpening machines.

After sharpening, the knife blade is adjusted (finished) with fine-grained whetstone, removing burrs formed during sharpening. Dressing the blade significantly increases the wear resistance of the knife and improves the quality of wood processing. Straighten the blade both along the back and front edges of the knife, making sure that the shape of the blade does not change.

Knives equipped with hard alloy plates are sharpened on universal sharpening machines with special grinding wheels, the abrasive material of which is green silicon carbide. After sharpening, the finishing of the carbide blade must be done either with a fine-grained green silicon carbide wheel or with boron carbide powder paste, which can be done on the same sharpening machine. For finishing with paste, a finishing device installed on the machine is used.

Diamond wheels provide more productive and high-quality sharpening and finishing of knives equipped with hard alloy plates. This is the most effective tool for preparing carbide knives used in processing wood materials and plastics. The development of synthetic diamond production by the domestic industry has expanded the possibility of using diamond wheels for sharpening carbide tools, including wood-cutting ones. Tests have shown that the durability of a tool sharpened and polished with diamond wheels is 1.8-2.9 times higher than the durability of the same tool sharpened with green silicon carbide wheels and polished with boron carbide paste.

Planing knives

Characteristics of knives. On jointing, thicknessing, planing, milling and other woodworking machines, prefabricated tools are widely used, the cutting elements of which are planing knives with a straight or curved cutting edge. Knives with a thickness of 3 mm are called thin, knives with a thickness of 6-10 mm are called thick.

The hardness of the knives is 56-60 HRC. The thickness of the knives is 5 mm, the length is from 32 to 200 mm, the width of knives with a length of 40 and 100 mm is 25, 32, 40 mm, the rest - 40 mm.

For processing glued and veneered parts, multilayer plywood, wood fiber, particle boards and other similar materials on planing, milling and special machines, it is advisable to use assembled tools with knives equipped with hard alloy plates. Carbide plates are soldered onto the knife body using hard solder. Knife bodies are made of chrome steel 40X or carbon structural grade 45, and the blades are made of hard alloy grade VK15.

Knives with a thickness of 3 mm are made in one piece from steel grades 9Х5ВФ, 9Х5Ф, Р9 and Р4, and knives with a thickness of 10 mm are made in two layers: a cutting layer of steel 9Х5ВФ or Р9, a body made of steel 15. The hardness of the cutting edges of knives is 56-59 HRC. Type I knives range in length from 30 to 1610 mm and width from 25 to 45 mm; Type II knives are available in lengths from 40 to 310 mm and width 100; 110 and 125 mm.

Grooved knives are used in prefabricated cutters on four-sided planers and milling machines. These knives increase the safety of operation of prefabricated cutters. They are manufactured according to the mechanical engineering standard MI 2467-62 from steels

The plates are made according to the standard: “Plates from a metal-ceramic alloy for wood-cutting tools.” Plate sizes: width 32; 40; 50; 60; 80; 100; BY; 125; 170 and 200 mm; length 15 mm.

The wear resistance of milling tools with knives equipped with plates made of hard alloy grade VK15 is 20-30 times greater than the wear resistance of tools made of alloy tool steels.

Band saw sharpening

The teeth of band saws are sharpened on sharpening machines with abrasive wheels. Manual sharpening with files is rarely used.

When sharpening band saws, the following requirements must be observed:

1. all teeth must be sharply sharpened and free from curled tips and large burrs, as this leads to premature dulling of the saw;

2. You should not allow the teeth to turn blue when sharpening with abrasives, as this makes them brittle and leads to breakage;

3. There should be no sharp corners in the cavities of the teeth, which lead to the appearance of cracks, breakage of the teeth and rupture of the saw;

4. the profile of the teeth must be constant, which depends on the correct adjustment of the sharpening machine and timely control of the quality of sharpening;

5. The tops of all teeth should be located at the same distance from the rear edge of the saw blade.

The teeth of band saws are set in the same way as for flat circular saws. The amount of spread depends on the type of wood being sawn, its humidity, the nature of sawing and can be selected.

Band saws are set both manually using settings and on machines with manual or mechanical drive. The teeth of carpenter's band saws can be set simultaneously with sharpening on a semi-automatic machine, which has a sharpening head and an apparatus for setting.

Band saws

Saws for cross-cutting can only be set using a direct method; saws for longitudinal sawing can be set using both the first and second methods.

The saw teeth are set mainly manually using special settings. Abroad, semi-automatic machines are also used for this purpose.

Band saws (GOST 6532-53), depending on the purpose, are divided into carpentry saws with a width of 10-60 mm, which are used for straight longitudinal and transverse, as well as curved sawing of lumber, and dividing saws with a width of 50-175 mm, which are used for straight longitudinal sawing of beams and thick boards. Wider saws are also made for sawing logs into lumber.

Manufacturers supply band saws in rolls. The length of the tape in a roll should be a multiple of 4-6 m for carpentry saws and 6-8.5 m for dividing saws.

Carpentry saws are made from tool carbon steel U10A and chrome vanadium steel 85ХФ, dividing saws are made from steel 85ХФ.

The preparation of carpentry band saws is as follows. At woodworking enterprises, saw blades are cut into pieces of the required length, the ends of the pieces are beveled and soldered.

The ends of the saw blade are beveled with a file manually (most often) or on special machines by grinding or milling. Beveling is carried out at a length of 10-15 mm, depending on the width of the saw: the wider the saw, the longer the length of the beveled end.

The chamfer at one end of the saw is removed from one side, and at the other end - from the opposite side of the saw blade in such a way that the thickness of the beveled ends when superimposed on one another is equal to the thickness of the rest of the saw.

When starting to bevel the ends, you need to make sure that after soldering the saw will have an even number of teeth. This requirement is mandatory for all band saws whose teeth are set.

Band saws are soldered using electric soldering devices or in soldering presses using soldering bars heated in a forge, muffle furnace or any other method. Recently, they began to connect the ends of band saws using electric butt welding.

Saw tooth alignment

Setting the teeth of flat saws involves alternately bending the tops of the teeth in both directions and is necessary to reduce friction of the saw blade in the cut. The size of the split mainly depends on the nature of the sawing (longitudinal or transverse), the species and moisture content of the wood. However, it should not be more than half the thickness of the saw blade.

The teeth are set in two ways. In the first method, called direct setting, the upper part of the tooth is bent at a distance of 2/3 of the tooth height from the base in a direction perpendicular to the side surface of the saw. In the second method - setting with a turn - the tooth is bent to the side, at the same time turning its upper part so that the front edge of the tooth turns towards the bend. The second method provides greater stability of the set tooth in operation and better cutting quality, but is more complex than the first. In addition, if the quality of the saw blade steel is poor or it has high hardness, breakage of the set teeth may occur.

When setting teeth, the following rules must be observed:

1. bend the teeth the same amount;

2. bend the teeth not at the base, but at the top; chalk bends of all teeth should be located at the same distance from the base of the tooth;

Typically, each wiring has several slots of varying widths depending on the thickness of the saws used. The width of the slots is slightly greater than the thickness of the saw, but not more than 0.5 mm. The edges of the slots are rounded, since sharp edges when bending a tooth can cause it to break.

The correctness of the divorce is checked using special templates that ensure verification accuracy of up to 0.2 mm. Even greater accuracy (up to 0.01 mm) is provided by indicator devices - water meters.

The teeth of planing saws, as well as saws equipped with carbide plates, are not set apart.

Sharpening circular saws

The sharpened teeth of a circular saw must meet the following requirements:

1. be sharp;

2. have no curls, bluish peaks or large burrs;

3. the tooth profile must remain unchanged after each saw sharpening;

4. The tops of the teeth should be located at the same distance from each other and from the center of the saw.

The first two requirements are met by careful sharpening without removing a large amount of metal in one pass of the grinding wheel. Keeping the tooth profile unchanged when sharpening on semi-automatic machines is ensured by correct adjustment of the machine according to the front angle of the tooth profile (displacement of the saw, tilt of the grinding head, etc.), as well as by choosing a cam that matches the profile of the teeth of the saw being sharpened.

Planing saws and saws with teeth equipped with carbide plates, in accordance with the norms and standards, are supplied fully prepared for work. Profiles of the teeth of circular saws with sharpened and obliquely sharpened teeth. Before installation on the machine, you only need to remove the protective anti-corrosion coating.

Each saw blade, in accordance with GOST 980-63, is straightened and forged at the manufacturer's factory. Forging gives the saw blade stability when exposed to lateral forces. For this middle zone the disk, departing from the tooth cavities by 25-50 mm and not reaching the central part covered by washers by 25-40 mm, is weakened by forging on an anvil using special saw hammers.

The amount of weakening is characterized by the arrow of deflection of this disk zone. The deflection arrow is determined using a long control ruler applied to the side surface of the disk located horizontally on three supports and a feeler gauge. The ruler is applied in different diametric directions at approximately 20° intervals. Approximate values for forging (deflection) of saw blades depending on the operating mode are given. The amount of forging can also be taken from GOST 980-63, taking into account the actual diameter of the saw blade and its thickness. Thick saw blades with a small diameter can work satisfactorily without forging.

Saw diameter selection

The outer diameter and diameter of the saw mounting hole depend on the thickness and width of the material being cut and the design of the machine.

Depending on the position of the saw shaft axis relative to the material being cut (top or bottom), the tops of the saw teeth should protrude from the cut by 5-10 mm.

Preparing circular saws for work. Preparing circular saws for work includes: planing the teeth, sharpening them, and in some cases, straightening and forging the discs. The teeth of flat saws are set apart.

Planing of the teeth is necessary so that their tips are at the same distance from the center of the saw. Otherwise, the protruding teeth will carry a greater load during operation, which will deteriorate the quality of sawing, and the teeth may break. Jointing is carried out on any of the machines for sharpening saws, including semi-automatic sharpening machines.

The saw teeth are trimmed periodically as they discover that the tops of the teeth are located incorrectly relative to the center of the saw. If the saw is sharpened on a semi-automatic machine, then there is no need to joint the teeth.

Sharpening of teeth is carried out on sharpening machines of various designs - from the simplest, with manual pushing of the saw onto the grinding wheel, to complex semi-automatic sharpening machines.

Flat circular saws are supplied to woodworking enterprises from supplier factories with unsharpened and unset teeth. Therefore, each new saw must be sharpened and sharpened before starting work. Particularly labor-intensive is the preparation of saws for cross-cutting, which requires oblique sharpening of the teeth.

For cross-cutting softwood, it is recommended to sharpen the bevel at an angle of 45°, and for hardwood - at an angle of 60°. An oblique sharpening angle of 45° can be obtained on machines with manual feed. Semi-automatic sharpening machines can sharpen saw teeth for cross-cutting with a minimum bevel sharpening angle of 60°.

4. Types of processing on a single-sided thickness planer SR 6-9

A thickness planer must be used for flat planing of boards, beams or panels to size in thickness.

Longitudinal milling of workpieces on a machine that do not have a pre-prepared base surface leads to non-flatness of the processed surface. Processing workpieces with an excessively large allowance, when the size of the removed layer of wood exceeds 6 mm, can cause machine failure, and with an excessively small allowance, the appearance of unmilled areas. Using special devices, on a single-sided thickness planer SR 6-9 you can process workpieces with a curved surface, as well as obtain a straight surface that is not parallel to the base one.

5. Performance calculation

Select electric motor M1. We calculate the power of the electric motor using the formula:

where, P – engine power, kW;

M cr = 12.5 Nm – torque;

n f = 1500 rpm – rotation speed;

η = 0.8 – efficiency factor;

From the directory of asynchronous electric motors of the 4A series, we select an electric motor with a squirrel-cage rotor of type 4A100S4U3.

Shaft power, kW 3.0

Efficiency at rated load, % 82

Cosφ at rated load 0.83

Select the main motion electric motor M2. We calculate the power of the electric motor using the formula:

From the directory of asynchronous electric motors of the 4A series, we select a two-speed electric motor of type 4A200L4/2U3.

Electric motor characteristics

Shaft power, kW 33.5/37

Revolutions per minute, rpm 1500/3000

Efficiency at rated load, % 91/87

cosφ at rated load 0.87/0.89

We choose the M3 electric motor. We calculate the power of the electric motor using the formula:

From the directory of asynchronous electric motors of the 4A series, we select an electric motor with a squirrel-cage rotor of type 4A90L4U3.

Characteristics of the electric motor.

Shaft power, kW 2.2

Number of revolutions per minute, rpm 1500

Efficiency at rated load, % 80

cosφ at rated load 0.83

6. Machine malfunctions

The cutter shaft does not rotate when the "Start" button is pressed.

1.No electricity supply.

Check the power supply.

2. The thermal relay is knocked out.

Turn on the thermal relay.

3.The position of the knife shaft guard is not fixed.

Correctly install and secure the fence, check and adjust the operation of the limit switch blocking the fence.

No workpiece feed (slipping).

1.The pressure of the feed rollers is not enough.

Adjust the clamping force of the feed rollers.

2.The lower rollers do not protrude enough.

Adjust the position of the rollers relative to the working surface of the table.

The specified size is not maintained.

1. Incorrect table setting.

Set up the table.

2.The machine table is not secured.

Secure the table.

3.The tool has become dull.

Replace tool.

The machined surface is not parallel to the surface of the part.

1. Incorrect installation of knives in the knife shaft.

Set up the table.

2.The lower rollers are not parallel to the working surface of the table.

Local transverse grips at the ends of parts.

1.The lower rollers are too high relative to the working surface.

Adjust the position of the lower rollers.

2. Incorrect installation of clamps.

Adjust the position of the clamps relative to the knife shaft.

Longitudinal stripes on the treated surface.

Local dullness (chipping) of the cutting edge of the knife.

Feed narrow workpieces along a different stream, replace the tool.

Large kinematic waves on the treated surface.

1. Incorrectly installed knives in the knife shaft.

Align and align the knives on the cutting circle.

2. Runout of the knife shaft.

Check the knives on the balancing scales and select them according to weight.

Marks on the treated surface from the upper grooved roller.

1. The pressure of the workpiece by the front upper roller is too high.

Adjust the pressing force of the drum.

2. Insufficient processing allowance.

Reject unsuitable workpieces.

Chips and tears on the treated surface.

The knives are installed with a large protrusion above the cylindrical surface of the knife shaft housing.

Align and align the knives relative to the body by 1-2 mm.

Mossy and fluffiness of the treated surface.

1.The tool has become dull.

Replace tool.

2. Wear of replaceable liners that prevent chipping.

Replace the liners.

7. Safety precautions when working on a thickness planer SR 6-9

Personnel on thicknessing machines are obliged to;

Follow the instructions for servicing machines set out in the passport or technical description of the machine, as well as the requirements of the warning tables available on the machine.

Install the cutting tool and change the workpiece only after the machine has completely stopped.

Thicknessing machines must have built-in anti-blowout devices on the feed side. The elements of this device must ensure reliable grip of the workpiece and independently return to its original position.

On thicknessing machines designed for simultaneous processing of several workpieces of varying thickness, the front feed rollers and front clamps must be sectional

Thicknesser machines must be equipped with a locking device that does not allow the table to be moved in height by a mechanical drive when the knife shaft is rotating.

The bearing housings of the knife shaft should not protrude above the surface of the tables from the side of the machine workplace and should not have protruding parts.

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The production and design of the CP6-6 thickness planer was carried out by the Stavropol plant "Krasny Metallist". This type of equipment is designed for processing flat wood pieces to thickness dimensions. Despite the outdated design, the equipment is still successfully used in small production lines.

Design and operating principle of the machine

The main feature of the CP6-6 thickness planer is its stable cast iron body. It makes it possible to process workpieces of relatively large sizes without reducing quality. Additionally, the design includes components and functions that increase productivity.

Structurally, the CP6-6 installation consists of a cast iron frame in which the work table, feed mechanisms and knife shaft are located. For precise processing, the equipment circuit includes a table displacement unit in vertical direction. This is done using a special device and an electric motor.

Operating principle of thickness planer CP6-6.

Selecting the thickness of the workpiece being processed, setting the parameters for removing chips in one pass of the cutting shafts.
Placement of the workpiece between two feed rollers located at the top and bottom.
First, rings that have a corrugated surface and rubber seals are installed on the sectional shaft. This makes it possible to simultaneously form different thicknesses on the wooden surface of the part.
The pressure applied to the cutting shaft is ensured using a special cap. It has the function of regulating the degree of mechanical impact.
Simultaneously with the pressing function, the sharp edge of the cap removes chips from the surface, which has a positive effect on the quality of processing.

To prevent the backward movement of the timber, “claws” are mounted in front of the feed folds, which prevent the workpiece from changing direction. This is a prerequisite for operating the machine when processing thin materials.

To increase the versatility of the CP6-6 thickness planer, its design includes devices for sharpening and jointing of processing knives. This allows you to carry out preventive measures without using additional equipment.

Specifications

To familiarize yourself with the actual parameters of the machine, it is recommended to study the technical data sheet of the equipment. It describes in detail not only the technical characteristics, but also the operational qualities of the installation.

Relatively small dimensions (110*138*156 cm) make it possible to install the unit in a convenient location in the production workshop. A flat surface is first prepared, since the design does not provide for regulatory mechanisms. It is best to purchase and install support feet. With their help, you can not only set the level correctly, but also partially compensate for the fluctuations of CP6-6 that occur during operation.

In addition, you should know the following technical characteristics of the surface planer model CP6-6:

the maximum permissible width of the workpiece cannot exceed 63 cm;
thickness can vary from 5 to 200 mm;
the length of the wooden product is limited to 36 cm;
the maximum thickness of the removed layer is 5 mm;
the design of the processing drum has 4 knives;
shaft diameter is 128 mm;
options for feeding workpieces, m/min – 8, 12, 20 and 30;
cutting speed is 33.5 m/min;
The mechanical table is displaced at a speed of 0.565 m/min.

The main movement of the surface planer CP6-6 is carried out due to the operation of an 8.6 kW electric motor. In this case, the shaft rotation speed is 5000 rpm.

The design includes a system for removing chips and wood dust. For normal operation of the equipment, the air exchange must be at least 1800 m³/hour. In this way, it is possible to avoid clogging of equipment components and prevent the appearance of defects on the surface of the workpiece.

Operating rules

Familiarization with safety precautions when working on the machine is mandatory. To do this, you need to study the instructions, master the methodology and principle of operation of the equipment. You can familiarize yourself with this data by reading the surface planer passport.

The connection is made through the grounding unit located at the bottom of the structure. In addition to the power supply, you need an exhaust device that will remove wood dust and shavings from the processing area of wooden products. It is connected through the corresponding pipe.

Before starting work, make sure that the doors of the electrical cabinets are closed. The design provides automatic shutdown if they are open.

After installing the workpiece, the fixed knives are lowered. In this case, their edges should be 2 mm below the plane of the workpiece.

The minimum length of processed wooden products cannot be less than 400 mm. At the same time, it is taken into account that the difference in thickness should not be more than 4 mm. Otherwise, runout will occur, which will lead to poor processing.

The video shows an example of modernizing a similar thickness planer model:

Thicknessing machine CP6-9

Purpose and scope

Thicknessing machine CP6-9 (Figure 1) is designed for longitudinal one-sided milling to size according to the thickness of the surfaces of flat wood blanks. Thicknessing machine, woodworking machine for flat milling (planing) of boards, beams or panels to size in thickness. It is used in enterprises and workshops for the production of joinery and construction products, laminated panels, furniture production, wooden housing construction and other woodworking industries.

Figure 1 – Thicknesser CP6-9

Main technical characteristics

The cutting tool of this machine is the knife shaft. Single-sided thicknessing machines have one knife shaft, which is used for thicknessing (calibration) of workpieces; the shaft is located above the work table, along which the workpiece is moved by feed rollers. The thickness of the resulting part is determined by the position of the lifting work table. On a Thicknesser machine you can mill workpieces with a width of 315-1250 mm and a thickness of 5-160 mm; the diameter of the knife shafts is 100-165 mm (2 or 4 knives are mounted on the shaft), the rotation speed of the shafts is about 5 thousand rpm. The feed speed of workpieces in the Thicknesser machine is 5-30 m/min, the power of the electric motor is up to 44 kW. Table 1 presents the main technical characteristics of the Thicknesser SR 6-9.

Table 1

Main technical characteristics of thickness planer SR6-9

Maximum width of the processed workpiece
Thickness of the workpiece, mm	5-250
Minimum length of workpiece processed, mm
Maximum wood removal with a knife shaft in one pass, mm
Weight, kg
Cutting circle diameter, mm
Feed speed (stepped), m/min	8;16
Speed of mechanical movement of the table, m/min.	0,25
Diameter of the exhaust funnel connecting pipe, mm
Knife shaft drive power, kW	5,5
Total power of all electric motors, kW	6,87/7,57
Overall dimensions, mm	1120x1315x1340
Weight, kg

Design of thickness planer CP6-9

Figure 2 – Single-sided thickness planer CP6-9:

1 - roller adjustment handle; 2 – roller lock; 3 – bed; 4 – table; 5 – mechanism for regulating the feed speed; 6 – table adjustment mechanism; 7 – remote control; 8 – guard with chip receiver; 9 – rear roller; 10 – rear clamp; 11 – knife shaft; 12 – front clamp; 13 – front roller; 15 – support roller; 16 – support head of the jointing device; 17 – table drive roller; 18 – gearbox.

Single-sided thickness planer CP6-9 is shown in Fig. 2. On a solid cast frame 3 box-shaped cutter shaft 11 and table 4. Claw protection 14 prevents the workpiece from being ejected from the machine during operation. The feed mechanism contains a front drive roller 13, installed in front of the knife shaft. The feed of the finished part as it exits the machine is ensured by the rear roller 9 and roller 17 , mounted in a table 4.

The rollers are driven by an electric motor through a mechanical variator and gearbox 18. A clamp is installed in front of the knife shaft 12 (chip breaker), and behind the knife shaft there is a rear clamp 10. Support roller 15 designed to reduce the friction forces of the workpiece on the table. The roller can be adjusted in height relative to the working surface of the table using a handle 1 and fix in a given position with a stopper 2.

Technological diagram of thickness planer SR 6-9

Thicknessing machines are based on the milling process - thicknessing, in which the surface of the workpiece opposite to the base surface is processed. Thicknessing machines are designed for processing by cylindrical milling of block and panel blanks to size in thickness. When thicknessing, the workpiece with its technological base rests on the installation base of the machine table. The knife shaft is placed above the table. As the workpiece is moved across the table, the rotating cutter shaft mills the top surface, forming a flat surface parallel to the base.

Figure 3 - Technological diagram of a thickness planer

Thicknessing machines operate according to a standard technological scheme, which is shown in Figure 2. On the frame 1 of the machine there is a table 3 with feed rollers 2, as well as a claw curtain 11, spring-loaded feed rollers corrugated 10 and smooth 4 and a knife shaft 7. Roller 10 is made sectional , consisting of several spring rings on a common shaft. Table 3, when adjusted to a given thickness of the workpiece, can be raised or lowered using screws. The screw drive can be manual or mechanical.

Prevents the formation of long advanced cracks in the workpiece during milling;

Serves as a protective guard for the knife shaft;

Eliminates tossing of the workpiece during processing;

Directs the chips in the direction of their removal;

Description of thickness planer CP 6-9:

Thicknesser sr6-9 is the most common thicknesser throughout the former Soviet Union. If we consider everything thicknessing machines, produced in the vast expanses of the former USSR, we can say that this model is the best not only among thickness planers produced by the Stavropol Krasny Metallist plant, but also among other factories in the country that produce thickness planers. What is remarkable about this model?
The CP 6-9 machine is made of two solid cast iron parts, lower (main) and upper. The weight of the machine is approx. 1.5 t. The large mass dampens vibrations well and ensures high planing cleanliness. The planer shaft drive motor, workpiece feed mechanism, and electrical cabinet are mounted in the lower part. In the upper part there is a working planing shaft, a feed and receiving shaft for feeding the workpiece, a funnel for connecting exhaust device for chip removal. The upper feed pressure shaft is made in sections - this design allows for simultaneous gouging of several workpieces. The work table is equipped with rollers, ensuring ease of movement of the workpiece along the table. Raising and lowering the rollers relative to the table level is carried out using a lever located on the front side of the CP 6-9 machine. The knife shaft has 4 knives. The table is lifted by an electric drive; there is also a manual adjustment of the table position. Installed on the machine 2 engines. One works on the main shaft, and the other drives the feed of the workpiece and raises and lowers the table. Using one motor for both feed and lift is not the best solution for this thickness planer. Switching the motor movement from lifting the table to feeding the workpiece is carried out by supplying power to the windings of electromagnetic couplings installed in the gearbox. The power supply unit itself to the couplings located in the gearbox (which are also in oil) does not add reliability to the unit as a whole. The current collector has constant electrical contact with the rotating rings located in the gearbox. In addition, to ensure this design solution, it is complicated electrical diagram control of the machine as a whole, which also does not add reliability to this solution. As experience shows, these surface planers are often used in small organizations that do not have the ability to provide qualified electrical and mechanical services to such solutions. Therefore, lifting and lowering in surface planers CP6-9, deprived of qualified service, often works only “by hand”. The unit for changing the feed speed is a variator, a well-developed design used in thickness planers CP3-6, which provides a change in speed from 8 to 24 m/min. High maintainability of the working shaft (ease of bearing replacement) is an important feature of this design.
Currently, this model of surface planer is no longer available. To summarize, we can still say that the thickness planer SR6-9 is the best machine available on the Russian market of secondary equipment.

Thicknesser machine model CP6-7 is designed for one-sided planar planing of wooden parts and products to a given thickness size.

The thicknessing machine allows simultaneous processing of several workpieces with uneven thickness of up to 4 mm.

The rimming machine can be used in woodworking industries, furniture and model shops, construction sites etc.

The machine is made in the form of a closed frame structure, with all mechanisms located inside the frame. The material of the frame is cast iron.

The table of the thicknessing machine has a screw lift and moves in height depending on the thickness of the material being passed through manually. Material feeding is roller.

A claw curtain is mounted in the front part of the machine. The machine is equipped with a device for sharpening and jointing knives on the machine; the movement of the sharpening device is manual.

The knife shaft with 4 fixed planing knives carries out the main cutting movement.

The cutter shaft supports are mounted on roller bearings and lubricated with a unique high-temperature lubricant at the factory.

The feed rollers are driven from the knife shaft by a belt drive through a four-speed feed box and chain drive.

The feed box provides feed in the range of 8-30 m/min.

Rotation on the drive pulley is ensured by means of 2 V-belt drives.

The front feed roller is grooved and consists of separate sections 50 mm wide. Each section has an inner and outer ring with rubber dampers.

The feed rollers are pressed using spiral springs.

Sharpening of knives is carried out with a stationary shaft. The finishing of the knives is carried out with a rotating knife shaft. The grinding wheel is mounted directly on the motor shaft.

Manual movement of the device is carried out with a special handle.

Reaming machine CP6-7 Technical characteristics

Planing width, maximum mm 630

Thickness of processed material, maximum mm 200

Thickness of processed material, minimum mm 5

Length of processed material, minimum mm 400

Thickness of the removed layer of wood, maximum mm 5

Knife shaft speed rpm 5000

Knife shaft housing diameter mm 125

Cutting diameter of knife shaft mm 128

Cutting speed m/sec 33.5

Number of knives of the knife shaft pcs. 4

Feed speed m/min 8; 12; 20; 30

Feeding method: roller

lifting – manual - -

working surface dimensions mm 1100x640

vertical movement mm 200

movement per one revolution of the dial mm 2

dial division price mm 0.1

Braking method – electromechanical

Blade shaft drive motor

power kW 7.5

speed rpm 3000

Grinding wheel drive electric motor

power kW 0.25

speed rpm 3000

Total installed power kW 7.77

Type of material processed - wood of any species

Machine dimensions:

length mm 1100

width mm 1360

height mm 1500